&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Renato Russo HIV: The Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana Frontman Who Died of AIDS at 36&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Brazil, there is a word that gets used for Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana &amp;mdash; not the word band, not even the word phenomenon, but the word Religi&amp;atilde;o. Religion. Religi&amp;atilde;o Urbana. Urban Religion. The man behind that religion was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato_Russo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Renato &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russo &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;ndash; a&amp;nbsp;bespectacled, literary, luminously gifted songwriter from Bras&amp;iacute;lia who spent the 1980s and 1990s writing anthems for a generation of young Brazilians searching for identity, freedom, and something to believe in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He was also, for the final years of his life, living with HIV&amp;mdash;a truth he kept largely private and that the world only fully confronted after he died in his Rio de Janeiro apartment on 11 October 1996, weighing just 45 kilograms. He was 36 years old.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cms.goodbyehiv.com/Files/Pai/Celebrities%20with%20HIV%20%E2%80%93%2021%20%E2%80%93%20Renato%20Russo%20The%20Voice%20of%20a%20Brazilian%20Generation%20Who%20Died%20of%20AIDS%20Before%20He%20Could%20Say%20Goodbye%2002.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Celebrities with HIV &amp;ndash; 21 &amp;ndash; Renato Russo The Voice of a Brazilian Generation Who Died of AIDS Before He Could Say Goodbye 02.jpg (130 KB)&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tenhomaisdiscosqueamigos.com/2020/03/27/renato-russo-aniversario-60-anos/&quot;&gt;Divulga&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o / TMDQA!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Voice of a Generation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Brazil, there is a word that gets used for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.legiaourbana.com.br&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; not the word band, not even the word phenomenon, but the word Religi&amp;atilde;o. Religion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Religi&amp;atilde;o Urbana. Urban Religion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It was meant as a compliment, and it captured something real. In the 1980s and 1990s, Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana &amp;mdash; the post-punk rock band formed in Bras&amp;iacute;lia, led by the bespectacled, awkward, luminously intelligent &lt;a href=&quot;https://renatorusso.com.br&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Renato Russo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; became something that Brazilian rock had never quite been before: a genuine generational movement. Their songs were anthems for young Brazilians navigating a country emerging from two decades of military dictatorship, searching for identity, love, meaning, and freedom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Renato Russo wrote almost all of it. He was the band&#39;s founder, its frontman, its lyricist, its conscience, and its soul. He was also living with HIV &amp;mdash; a diagnosis he kept largely private from the public, even as he continued to perform and record at the height of his career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He died on 11 October 1996, in his apartment in Rio de Janeiro, from complications related to AIDS. He was 36 years old. Eleven days later, the remaining members of Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana announced that the band was finished. Without Renato Russo, there was no Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana. There never could have been.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cms.goodbyehiv.com/Files/Pai/Celebrities%20with%20HIV%20%E2%80%93%2021%20%E2%80%93%20Renato%20Russo%20The%20Voice%20of%20a%20Brazilian%20Generation%20Who%20Died%20of%20AIDS%20Before%20He%20Could%20Say%20Goodbye%2003.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Celebrities with HIV &amp;ndash; 21 &amp;ndash; Renato Russo The Voice of a Brazilian Generation Who Died of AIDS Before He Could Say Goodbye 03.jpg (170 KB)&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The classic four-member lineup of Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana during the mid-1980s: (L-R) Renato Rocha, Renato Russo, Marcelo Bonf&amp;aacute;, and Dado Villa-Lobos.&lt;br /&gt;Image source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi%C3%A3o_Urbana&quot;&gt;Wikip&amp;eacute;dia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Born in Rio, Raised in Bras&amp;iacute;lia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Renato Manfredini J&amp;uacute;nior was born on 27 March 1960 in Rio de Janeiro &amp;mdash; the son of a family that would soon relocate to Bras&amp;iacute;lia, the modernist capital that Brazil had built from scratch in the late 1950s in the heart of the country&#39;s interior.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Growing up in Bras&amp;iacute;lia shaped Renato Russo in ways that his music would reflect for the rest of his life. The city was new, planned, and slightly surreal &amp;mdash; a capital city without the organic messiness of Rio or S&amp;atilde;o Paulo, populated largely by civil servants and their families, designed on paper before it was built on earth. For a young man of Russo&#39;s sensibility &amp;mdash; literary, introspective, hungry for meaning &amp;mdash; it was both a constraint and a creative provocation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cms.goodbyehiv.com/Files/Pai/Celebrities%20with%20HIV%20%E2%80%93%2021%20%E2%80%93%20Renato%20Russo%20The%20Voice%20of%20a%20Brazilian%20Generation%20Who%20Died%20of%20AIDS%20Before%20He%20Could%20Say%20Goodbye%2006.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Celebrities with HIV &amp;ndash; 21 &amp;ndash; Renato Russo The Voice of a Brazilian Generation Who Died of AIDS Before He Could Say Goodbye 06.jpg (135 KB)&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/diversao-e-arte/2018/03/13/interna_diversao_arte,665613/quem-era-o-aborto-eletrico.shtml&quot;&gt;Arquivo / Correio Braziliense&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He was a voracious reader from an early age. He taught himself English well enough to write in it &amp;mdash; several of his solo recordings were in English, and he engaged fluently with the Anglo-American rock tradition that influenced Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&#39;s sound. He was also open about his sexuality, speaking publicly about homosexuality and sexual identity during his career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1978, at the age of 18, he co-founded &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.last.fm/music/Aborto+El%C3%A9trico/+wiki&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aborto El&amp;eacute;trico&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; Electric Abortion &amp;mdash; one of the first punk rock bands in Bras&amp;iacute;lia and a foundational act in the history of Brazilian rock. The band&#39;s raw, politically charged sound was a product of its moment: Brazil under military dictatorship, a generation of young people with nowhere to put their anger. When Aborto El&amp;eacute;trico disbanded, its members went on to form several of the most important Brazilian rock bands of the decade. Russo formed Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/GwcezqcpyXU&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;314&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The official trailer for &quot;Somos T&amp;atilde;o Jovens&quot; (We Are So Young), the 2013 biographical drama that chronicles Renato Manfredini Jr.&#39;s journey in Bras&amp;iacute;lia and his transformation into the rock icon Renato Russo.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana: Urban Religion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana released their self-titled debut album in 1985. What followed was one of the most remarkable runs in the history of Brazilian popular music &amp;mdash; seven studio albums in twelve years, each one selling in numbers that few rock bands anywhere in the world could match. By the time of Russo&#39;s death, Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana had become one of Brazil&#39;s best-selling and most influential rock bands.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Their songs &amp;mdash; Ser&amp;aacute;, Tempo Perdido, Pais e Filhos, Faroeste Caboclo, and &amp;Iacute;ndios became part of the soundtrack of Brazilian life in a way that transcended genre, age, and region. They were played at parties, at protests, and at funerals. They were quoted in school essays. They were tattooed on bodies. They were &amp;mdash; and remain &amp;mdash; among the best-loved songs in Brazilian music history.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/bvIMBVBRpJU&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;314&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The official music video for &quot;Pais e Filhos&quot; (Parents and Children), one of Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&#39;s most iconic and enduring anthems, written by Renato Russo.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Russo&#39;s lyrics were the engine of all of it. He wrote with a poet&#39;s precision and a philosopher&#39;s hunger about love and loneliness, about politics and spirituality, about the specific experience of being young and Brazilian and searching for something to believe in. He engaged with&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;same-sex romance&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;mdash; his own and others&#39; &amp;mdash; in ways that were still genuinely rare in Brazilian rock. He spoke publicly about his identity at a time when doing so carried real social cost.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His final studio album with Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana &amp;mdash; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tempestade_ou_O_Livro_dos_Dias&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Tempestade ou O Livro dos Dias&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (The Storm or The Book of Days) &amp;mdash; was released on 20 September 1996. It sold more than 1.1 million copies in Brazil. Renato Russo died three weeks later.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Diagnosis He Kept Private&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Renato Russo was diagnosed with HIV before the 1990s, but he kept his status largely private from the public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He was 29 years old. He had just watched his country emerge, finally, from military rule. He was at the height of his powers as a songwriter and performer. And he had received a diagnosis that, at the time, still carried an enormous weight of stigma &amp;mdash; particularly for a gay man in Latin America, in a culture where AIDS was still widely associated with homosexuality, drug use, and moral failure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He chose not to disclose it publicly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His decision contrasted sharply with that of Cazuza, his contemporary and fellow Brazilian rock star, who became one of the country&#39;s most visible public figures associated with AIDS. The two men represented different responses to the same impossible situation. &lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goodbyehiv.com/celebrities-with-hiv-19-cazuza&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cazuza&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; went public and became one of Brazil&#39;s most prominent public figures associated with AIDS. Russo stayed silent, continued performing, continued recording, and died in his apartment without ever having officially confirmed his status.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cms.goodbyehiv.com/Files/Pai/Celebrities%20with%20HIV%20%E2%80%93%2021%20%E2%80%93%20Renato%20Russo%20The%20Voice%20of%20a%20Brazilian%20Generation%20Who%20Died%20of%20AIDS%20Before%20He%20Could%20Say%20Goodbye%2004.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Celebrities with HIV &amp;ndash; 21 &amp;ndash; Renato Russo The Voice of a Brazilian Generation Who Died of AIDS Before He Could Say Goodbye 04.jpg (122 KB)&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;A rare historical moment featuring Renato Russo alongside fellow Brazilian music legend Cazuza.&lt;br /&gt;Image source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://aventurasnahistoria.com.br/noticias/reportagem/como-que-pais-e-esse-de-renato-russo-inspirou-hit-de-cazuza-inveja-criativa.phtml&quot;&gt;Aventuras na Hist&amp;oacute;ria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His family initially did not publicly acknowledge that AIDS had caused his death, even as contemporary medical reporting identified AIDS-related complications as the cause.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&quot;The disease spread exponentially,&quot; a contemporary account noted, &quot;and some people &amp;mdash; including celebrities like Renato Russo &amp;mdash; feared marginalisation if the public became aware of their HIV-positive status.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That fear was understandable. It was also, in retrospect, one of the great tragedies of the epidemic &amp;mdash; that a man with the platform and the voice to change the conversation chose, out of entirely justified fear, not to use it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cms.goodbyehiv.com/Files/Pai/Celebrities%20with%20HIV%20%E2%80%93%2021%20%E2%80%93%20Renato%20Russo%20The%20Voice%20of%20a%20Brazilian%20Generation%20Who%20Died%20of%20AIDS%20Before%20He%20Could%20Say%20Goodbye%2008.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Celebrities with HIV &amp;ndash; 21 &amp;ndash; Renato Russo The Voice of a Brazilian Generation Who Died of AIDS Before He Could Say Goodbye 08.jpg (86 KB)&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The official album cover of &quot;The Stonewall Celebration Concert&quot; (1994), Renato Russo&#39;s first solo project sung entirely in English during his years living with HIV.&lt;br /&gt;Image source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://loja.bileskydiscos.com.br/lps-e-discos-de-vinil/lp-vinil-renato-russo-the-stonewall-celebration-concert&quot;&gt;Bilesky Discos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Living With HIV, Still Creating&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He recorded solo albums in English, exploring different musical territory from Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&#39;s rock sound. He performed. He gave interviews. He spoke about bisexuality and sexual liberation, about politics, and about what it meant to be Brazilian at this particular historical moment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/mxsmx5vVNl0&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;314&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Via Crucis&quot;, a track from Renato Russo&#39;s solo career, showcasing his deep artistic exploration separate from Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&#39;s signature sound during his final years.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The antiretroviral treatment available to him caused severe side effects. In February 1996, during a recording session with his friend and fellow singer &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_Ricardo&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paulo Ricardo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, he reportedly told Ricardo that he had stopped taking the medication because he could no longer tolerate the physical toll.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He died eight months later.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Final Album, the Final Days&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Tempestade ou O Livro dos Dias &amp;mdash; the seventh and final Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana studio album recorded during Russo&#39;s lifetime &amp;mdash; was released on 20 September 1996. It is a remarkable record: dense, literary, searching, and suffused with the awareness of mortality that Russo was by then carrying with him constantly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/0cKJ2BTLOU0&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; height=&quot;314&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;The haunting and poetic title track &quot;O Livro dos Dias&quot; from Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&#39;s seventh and final studio album released just three weeks before Renato Russo&#39;s death&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He died on 11 October 1996, twenty-one days after the album&#39;s release, in his apartment in Rio de Janeiro. He was 36 years old and weighed only 45 kilograms. He left behind a son, Giuliano Manfredini, who was seven years old at the time of his father&#39;s death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at S&amp;iacute;tio Roberto Burle Marx in Rio de Janeiro.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 22 October 1996 &amp;mdash; eleven days after his death &amp;mdash; guitarist Dado Villa-Lobos and drummer Marcelo Bonf&amp;aacute; officially announced Legi&amp;atilde;o Urbana&#39;s end. The band that had sold 20 million albums and become Urban Religion simply ceased to exist. Without Renato Russo&#39;s voice, there was nothing left to hold it together.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A posthumous album, Uma Outra Esta&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o, was released in 1997, assembled from recordings left unfinished at the time of his death. In 2013, a biographical film &amp;ndash; Somos T&amp;atilde;o Jovens (We Are So Young) &amp;ndash; brought his story to a new generation of Brazilian audiences.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Complicated Legacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Renato Russo&#39;s relationship with HIV/AIDS is more complicated than that of many of the figures in this series. He did not disclose. He did not advocate publicly. He did not use his enormous platform to break the silence around the disease the way Cazuza did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But his story is part of this history precisely because of that complexity. He was a Brazilian rock star who was open about his sexuality &amp;mdash; one of the most famous and beloved musicians his country has ever produced &amp;mdash; who lived with HIV for seven years, kept it private out of entirely understandable fear, and died of AIDS at 36. His story shows what stigma costs. Not in the abstract, but in the most specific and human terms: a voice silenced too soon, a generation left without its poet, and a conversation that might have saved lives that was never had.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;As nobly as he fought to encourage self-respect and respect for others,&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;one account noted,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&quot;his proclaimed policy of honesty left one gaping hole: Russo never publicly disclosed being HIV-positive.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That gap is not a condemnation. It is a reminder of what fear can do &amp;mdash; even to people of extraordinary courage, talent, and intelligence. And it is a reason why the work of reducing HIV stigma, making testing feel safe, and ensuring that people can speak honestly about their status without fear of losing everything they have built is still so urgently necessary.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://cms.goodbyehiv.com/Files/Pai/Celebrities%20with%20HIV%20%E2%80%93%2021%20%E2%80%93%20Renato%20Russo%20The%20Voice%20of%20a%20Brazilian%20Generation%20Who%20Died%20of%20AIDS%20Before%20He%20Could%20Say%20Goodbye%2007.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Celebrities with HIV &amp;ndash; 21 &amp;ndash; Renato Russo The Voice of a Brazilian Generation Who Died of AIDS Before He Could Say Goodbye 07.jpg (89 KB)&quot; width=&quot;550&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #808080;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Renato Russo in 1996. Even while privately battling severe illness, his poetic vision and voice left an indelible mark on millions of lives across Brazil.&lt;br /&gt;Image source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://templometal.com/2024/12/em-1996-renato-russo-citava-o-rock-gospel-em-sua-ultima-entrevista&quot;&gt;Templo Metal Archive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Renato Russo was Urban Religion. His songs are still being sung by millions of Brazilians who were not yet born when he died. He deserved the chance to tell his own story, in his own time, in his own words.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He never got it. And that, too, is part of what HIV/AIDS cost the world.&lt;/p&gt;

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